Today, many different methods are applied for the correct use of foods and to prevent their deterioration. Ensuring healthy conditions for people in food consumption and consumption of healthy foods is very important for human welfare. In this study, food spoilage, the factors that cause food spoilage, its effects on a global basis, food transport systems (cold chain) and measures that prevent or delay food spoilage are discussed.

Poetic measures are among the most beautiful literary figures of modern poetry. “Poetic Measures” has been first introduced by the author under the serial number of 197 in the college of literature of Tabriz University in winter 2006.This article is to study scientific identification, investigation and analysis of poetic scales in modern poetry. Having studied the works of the selected modern poets and gathering and investigating the typical examples, we come to the conclusion that modern poets have also used this literary figure, and innovation in the structure and content of this figure is more conspicuous in our times. The usage of this figure in the works of Simin Behbahani, Hamid Sabzevari, Mehdi Akhavan Sales, and Shahriar has been more than the other selected poets.

Introduction: In the current research, it has been tried to qualitatively study all kinds of policies and measures necessary for alignment between teacher preparation programs and democratic social education competencies under the model of teacher education curricula, which include: direct (official) curriculum, Indirect curriculum, informal curriculum (implicit) and unstructured curriculum (hidden) should be identified in the educational system. Method: Qualitative approach and phenomenological method were used in this research. The field of research is Farhangian University of Hormozgan and the participants are  13  lecturers of this university. The sampling method is a combination of convenience and snowball sampling. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. The information was analyzed using thematic analysis method and then using MAXQDA software... Result: The information was analyzed using the theme analysis method and then using MAXQDA software in the form of 2  overarching themes, 8 organizing themes and 25  basic themes. The results of this research showed the basic policies and measures for teacher preparation programs, in the form of two components, strategies and solutions of teacher training curricula, separated by curricula (formal, informal, informal, unstructured curriculum) and with the goal of preparing The formation of teachers has been identified in the educational system to realize the competencies of democratic social education. Conclusion: Therefore, examining the opportunities, facilities, and resources available to achieve these actions should be on the agenda of decision makers and educational planners. It is necessary to pay special attention to the strategies and solutions of teacher training curricula.

At the beginning, this article deals with the concept of the language of the Quran and its history and also with the meaning of the symbol and mystery. Then, three basic attitudes of symbolism in the Quran have been considered. At first, the attitude of symbolism in its general meaning that considers all of the Quran as symbolic signs have been introduced and criticized and then the specific meaning of the symbolism about the attributes of God from the view of Poul Telish have been explained and criticized. At the second step, the more specific meaning of symbolism from the view of martyr Motahary have been propounded that they are those moral and mystical tokens in some Quranic propositions with their epistemological property. At the end, it is referred to the deference between symbol and allegory.

We need Sociology Theories, For that Understand of Sociology and Politic Problems. French Sociologist Pierre Bourdieu’s theory Practice and Symbolic Power are our best resource; for Understanding Social and Political Fields.This Article Reviews the Language and Symbolic Power; indicating its Function in social and Political Fields.

Developments in the Persian painting enjoy a relative continuity and progression despite historic interruptions and the influence of foreign cultures, and many visual and thematic commonalities are observed in the works of different ages of the Persian painting. Symbolism as one of the tools of visual expression and a representation of concepts has brought many works of the Persian panting together both in terms of form and concept. Therefore, a survey on the symbolic elements and semiotics in the Persian painting is considerable with regards to the status of the symbols and the method of their application in various eras. Evaluation of the various symbolic elements through their categorization into geometrical, composed and natural symbols has prepared the ground for a better and more accurate process of studying the function of the elements, the symbolic setting and symbolism in general in the Persian paintings. The symbolic elements as representations of exalted and remote concepts and have evident and remarkable manifestations which have often maintained their connections with tangible reality. The Persian artist has exposed symbolic paintings with different functions, sometimes through a completely immaterial and abstract method, sometimes inspired by the reality, sometimes by exaggerating the actual characteristics and sometimes by composing different characteristics, which have facilitated the bounds and relations with intangible concepts and meanings in the picture setting by means of symbolic composition. In fact, the Persian painter in various eras uses the valuable background of Persian poem and literature as well as deep concepts of Iranian Wisdom and Islamic Mysticism, not to represent the tangible nature but to express the symbolic significance. Therefore, innovation and application of the symbolic elements in the visual language of the Persian painting in various eras have gone through a complementary process in terms of form and content.

Ghassan Kanafani (1936-1972) is one of the most famous Palestine romancers who has created different personality types in four romances of “Men in the Sun”, ” All That's Left to You”, ” Returning to Haifa”, “Umme Sa' d”. Symbolic personality is one of the most important personality types that he has given more attention to, whether feminine or masculine, they have been used abundantly in his four romances. Perhaps it seems that Kanafani’s symbolic view to the feminine personalities has increased the content and technical richness in his romances. But the writer’s insistence on highlighting the symbolic dimension of personalities in the two romances of” All That's Left to You” and “ Umme Sa' d”, is a matter that has made difficulties for real dimensions of these personalities in theoretical and technical points of view and has limited their freedom. The origin of this problem refers to this fact that the writer’s commitment and prejudice to Palestine in these two romances like his other romances, with enthusiasm and sensation follows to propose his idea about Palestine’s daily crisis and problems and their solutions. The symbolic personalities of romances are the tools to propagate and to promote these frequently revolutionary ideas. Therefore the main part of narrative and inherent potentials in these two romances, Instead of dedicating to enhance the natural and humanism dimensions of woman personalities are dedicated to enhance the symbolic and mythological dimensions of personalities in order to convey the message of the romances completely.